THE Five Freedoms were a huge leap forward in the ‘60s. Catchy and concise, we could illustrate animals’ key needs. But ‘change is the only constant’ – everything, including animal welfare science, moves on!

Freedom is a great concept; we seek it in our own lives – the freedom to choose, to vote, to work or go racing today – maybe racing is work for you! These are all framed as positives but one of the problems (in hindsight) with the Five Freedoms is that four are cast as negatives: