AS discussed in part one, the fundamentals for the safest, quickest and most effective equine training, relies on the understanding and implementation of equine body language, equine social behaviour, equine learning theory and scientifically proven humane training techniques (what good horsemen have worked out themselves).

The first component in effective training/re-training is understanding the horse’s body language. By being able to correctly read equine body language - postural indicators of state - we can determine the difference between a horse showing signs of anticipating pain/fear and a horse displaying body language linked to confidence, learned behaviour or misbehaviour.