Based in Askeaton, Co Limerick, Sam Brennan is one of five farriers in his family. He has 25 years’ experience handling all types of horses and answers our questions on farriery for foals

Q: At what age should foals have their first visit from a farrier?

That can vary from foal to foal but generally from 3-4 weeks old.

Q: What are the most common problems in foals?

When a foal is born he has a fairly pointed foot, particularly in front. This is to aid him through the birth canal and burst the placenta. When he is 3-4 weeks old he will need to be trimmed by a farrier. The foal will be walked toward and away from the farrier, who will note any problems, usually removing the pointed toe, giving the foal just a flat trim and rolling the toe to provide a straight breakover point on the hoof. This will discourage any common problems of inward or outward deviation in the leg structure. The trim will be repeated in another 3-4 weeks.

Q: Will my veterinary surgeon advise me on hoofcare?

Usually if there are any deviations or a major problem the owner, the vet and the farrier will work together to decide the best course of action. In severe cases the vet may need to perform an operation, scrape the outer layer of bone or insert screws. The farrier may also have to use adhesive and glues to help correct deviations.

Q: What should I be looking for in my foal’s feet?

It’s not so much your foal’s feet but the whole limb should be evaluated. If you drop a plumb line from the point of shoulder to the ground, would the leg line-up straight along this line? If not you will be looking at deviations in the limb. Looking from the front, you are checking for offset knees, toed-in and toed-out. From the side, check the hoof-pastern axis and if the angle of the heel is broken forwards or backwards.

Q: Does feed make a difference?

Feed does make a difference but this is not my area. You need to consult with a vet or an equine nutritionist. The foal/weanling’s weight is very important as an overweight foal/weanling can cause deviations in the limb. The owner or headman may have to reduce feed to lighten the body mass of the foal or weanling to correct deviation. Feed can be increased when deviations have improved.

Q: Anything else?

Regular evaluation and trimming by your farrier every 3-4 weeks should help you avoid most problems. Owners should also make sure their farrier has done his four-year apprenticeship and is fully qualified.